Research & Publications

The literature behind the consulting.

Parametrica is built on a decade of peer-reviewed research — 30 publications in Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Wind Energy, BAMS, and others. The advice we give to clients is the same physics we defend in print.

30+ Peer-reviewed publications
3 Active multi-lab research programs
6 U.S. national-lab & university collaborators
JFM · JAS · BAMS Where the work appears
Flagship programs

Three live research lines.

Each program is an active, multi-institution collaboration. The work feeds directly into the standards, simulation codes, and risk frameworks the offshore wind industry uses.

Hurricane resiliency

STORM

Simulation-based Turbine design fOr hurricane Resiliency and Mitigation.

Resolves extreme wind and wave conditions from tropical cyclones to refine turbine design criteria for hurricane-prone regions. The work is being fed into international wind turbine design standards.

Collaborators
  • NREL
  • Argonne National Laboratory
  • Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
  • NCAR
  • Johns Hopkins University
  • Brown University
Extreme weather

Weather-Hazard Engineering for Clean Energy Infrastructure

Physics-based hazard characterisation for the renewables stack.

Resolves weather-hazard impacts on wind, solar, and clean-energy infrastructure across the U.S. using mesoscale physics rather than empirical loss fits. Extends the record beyond the limited documented events, giving developers, certifiers, and independent engineers a defensible basis for site-specific hazard assessment.

Audience
  • Developers
  • Lenders & financiers
  • Independent engineers
Plant-scale wakes

Cluster Wakes — U.S. East Coast JIP

Joint-industry project on inter-farm wake losses.

Quantifies the "wind speed shadows" that upstream farms cast on downstream lease areas. Methods are being integrated into FLORIS, the open-source wake tool used industry-wide for layout optimization and AEP forecasting.

Sponsor & integration
  • NOWRDC
  • FLORIS upstream
  • Atlantic OCS lease areas
Collaborator network

The institutions Parametrica works with.

Current working relationships across research, standards, and industry — not a logo wall.

Publications

Peer-reviewed output, 2018 — 2026.

Full list. Sorted newest first. Google Scholar profile →

2026

  1. M. Sanchez-Gomez, G. Deskos, M. Optis, J. K. Lundquist, M. Sinner, G. Xia, W. Musial.

    Differences in cluster and internal wake effects from mesoscale and large-eddy simulations off the U.S. East Coast.

    Wind Energy Science, 11(6), 2009–2036. 10.5194/wes-11-2009-2026

  2. G. Narasimhan, G. Deskos, Z. Ren, L. Shen.

    Revisiting the validity of eddy viscosity models for predicting airflow over water waves.

    Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1026, A22. 10.1017/jfm.2025.11015

  3. G. Deskos, J. Wang, S. Arwade, M. Fisher, B. Hirth, X. Guo Larsén, J. K. Lundquist, A. Myers, W. Pang, W. J. Pringle, R. Rogers, M. Sanchez-Gomez, C. Sun, A. Yamaguchi, P. Veers.

    Grand Challenges in Designing Resilient Wind Energy Systems in Areas Prone to Tropical Cyclones.

    Wind Energy Science Discussions, 2026, 1–44. 10.5194/wes-2026-32

2025

  1. N. Bodini, P. Moriarty, S. Letizia, J. Mann, S. Wharton, G. Deskos, P. Doubrawa, J. Fast, N. Hamilton, T. Herges, C. Kaul, C. Kelley, R. Krishnamurthy, L. Lavin, J. K. Lundquist, D. Maniaci, J. Naughton.

    A perspective on lessons learned and future needs for wind energy field campaigns.

    Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 17(3), 032302. 10.1063/5.0252362

  2. O. Davis, G. Geraci, J. Wentz, R. King, A. Cortiella, A. Rybchuk, M. S. Gomez, G. Deskos, M. Motamed.

    Advancements on Multi-Fidelity Random Fourier Neural Networks: Application to Hurricane Modeling for Wind Energy.

    AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. 10.2514/6.2025-0651

  3. M. B. Kuhn, M. T. Henry de Frahan, P. Mohan, G. Deskos, M. Churchfield, L. Cheung, A. Sharma, A. Almgren, S. Ananthan, M. J. Brazell, L. A. Martinez-Tossas, R. Thedin, J. Rood, P. Sakievich, G. Vijayakumar, W. Zhang, M. Sprague.

    AMR-Wind: A Performance-Portable, High-Fidelity Flow Solver for Wind Farm Simulations.

    Wind Energy, 28(5), e70010. 10.1002/we.70010

  4. M. Sanchez Gomez, G. Deskos, J. K. Lundquist.

    Toward understanding the differences between mesoscale and large-eddy simulations of tropical cyclones.

    Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 10.1175/JAS-D-24-0131.1

  5. M. Sanchez-Gomez, G. Deskos, J. K. Lundquist.

    Turbulence-resolving simulations of Hurricane Laura (2020): Insights into extreme winds and eyewall turbulence.

    Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, e70003. 10.1002/qj.70003

  6. G. Xia, M. Optis, G. Deskos, M. Sinner, D. Mulas Hernando, J. K. Lundquist, A. Kumler, M. Sanchez Gomez, P. Fleming, W. Musial.

    Understanding Cluster Wake-Induced Energy Losses off the U.S. East Coast.

    Wind Energy Science Discussions, 2025, 1–35. 10.5194/wes-2025-154

2024

  1. S. Bidadi, G. Vijayakumar, G. Deskos, M. Sprague.

    Three-Dimensional Aerodynamics and Vortex-Shedding Characteristics of Wind Turbine Airfoils over 360-Degree Angles of Attack.

    Energies, 17(17), 4328.

  2. A. Izmailov, M. Meeker, G. Deskos, B. Keith.

    DRDMannTurb: A Python package for scalable, data-driven synthetic turbulence.

    Journal of Open Source Software, 9(102), 6838.

  3. J. Wang, G. Deskos, W. J. Pringle, S. E. Haupt, S. Feng, L. K. Berg, M. Churchfield, M. Biswas, W. Musial, P. Muradyan, et al.

    Impact of tropical and extratropical cyclones on future US Offshore Wind Energy.

    Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 105(8), E1506–E1513.

  4. J. Wang, E. Hendricks, C. M. Rozoff, M. Churchfield, L. Zhu, S. Feng, W. J. Pringle, M. Biswas, S. E. Haupt, G. Deskos, et al.

    Modeling and observations of North Atlantic cyclones: Implications for US Offshore wind energy.

    Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 16(5).

2023

  1. N. Bempedelis, S. Laizet, G. Deskos.

    Turbulent entrainment in finite-length wind farms.

    Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 955, A12. 10.1017/jfm.2022.1064

  2. M. S. Gomez, J. K. Lundquist, G. Deskos, S. R. Arwade, A. T. Myers, J. F. Hajjar.

    Wind Fields in Category 1–3 Tropical Cyclones Are Not Fully Represented in Wind Turbine Design Standards.

    Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 128(16). 10.1029/2023JD039233

  3. A. Hodgkin, G. Deskos, S. Laizet.

    On the interaction of a wind turbine wake with a conventionally neutral atmospheric boundary layer.

    International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 102, 109165. 10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2023.109165

  4. M. B. Kuhn, G. Deskos, M. A. Sprague.

    A mass-momentum consistent coupling for mesh-adaptive two-phase flow simulations.

    Computers & Fluids, 252, 105770. 10.1016/j.compfluid.2022.105770

2022

  1. A. Hodgkin, S. Laizet, G. Deskos.

    Do ambient shear and thermal stratification impact wind turbine tip-vortex breakdown?

    Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2265(2), 022061. 10.1088/1742-6596/2265/2/022061

  2. A. Hodgkin, S. Laizet, G. Deskos.

    Numerical investigation of the influence of shear and thermal stratification on the wind turbine tip-vortex stability.

    Wind Energy. 10.1002/we.2728

  3. C. Jordan, D. Dundovic, A. Fragkou, G. Deskos, D. S. Coles, M. D. Piggott, A. Angeloudis.

    Combining shallow-water and analytical wake models for tidal-array micro-siting.

    Journal of Ocean Engineering and Marine Energy. 10.1007/s40722-022-00225-2

  4. W. J. Shaw, L. K. Berg, M. Debnath, G. Deskos, C. Draxl, V. P. Ghate, C. B. Hasager, R. Kotamarthi, J. D. Mirocha, P. Muradyan, W. J. Pringle, D. D. Turner, J. M. Wilczak.

    Scientific challenges to characterizing the wind resource in the marine atmospheric boundary layer.

    Wind Energy Science, 7(6), 2307–2334. 10.5194/wes-7-2307-2022

  5. G. Deskos, S. Ananthan, M. A. Sprague.

    Direct numerical simulations of turbulent flow over misaligned traveling waves.

    International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 97, 109029. 10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2022.109029

2021

  1. R. A. Frantz, G. Deskos, S. Laizet, J. H. Silvestrini.

    High-fidelity simulations of gravity currents using a high-order finite-difference spectral vanishing viscosity approach.

    Computers & Fluids, 221, 104902. 10.1016/j.compfluid.2021.104902

  2. G. Deskos, J. C. Y. Lee, C. Draxl, M. A. Sprague.

    Review of wind-wave coupling models for large-eddy simulation of the marine atmospheric boundary layer.

    Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 10.1175/JAS-D-21-0003.1

2020

  1. P. Bartholomew, G. Deskos, R. A. Frantz, F. N. Schuch, E. Lamballais, S. Laizet.

    Xcompact3D: An open-source framework for solving turbulence problems on a Cartesian mesh.

    SoftwareX, 12, 100550. 10.1016/j.softx.2020.100550

  2. G. Deskos, A. del Carre, R. Palacios.

    Assessment of low-altitude atmospheric turbulence models for aircraft aeroelasticity.

    Journal of Fluids and Structures, 95, 102981. 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2020.102981

  3. G. Deskos, S. Laizet, R. Palacios.

    WInc3D: A novel framework for turbulence-resolving simulations of wind farm wake interactions.

    Wind Energy, 23(3), 779–794. 10.1002/we.2458

  4. G. Deskos, G. S. Payne, B. Gaurier, M. Graham.

    On the spectral behaviour of the turbulence-driven power fluctuations of horizontal-axis turbines.

    Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 904, A13. 10.1017/jfm.2020.681

  5. C. Wang, A. Munoz-Simon, G. Deskos, S. Laizet, R. Palacios, F. Campagnolo, C. L. Bottasso.

    Code-to-code-to-experiment validation of LES-ALM wind farm simulators.

    Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1618, 062041. 10.1088/1742-6596/1618/6/062041

2019

  1. G. Deskos, S. Laizet, M. D. Piggott.

    Turbulence-resolving simulations of wind turbine wakes.

    Renewable Energy, 134, 989–1002. 10.1016/j.renene.2018.11.084

2018

  1. G. Deskos, P. Diplas.

    Incipient motion of a non-cohesive particle under Stokes flow conditions.

    International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 99, 151–161. 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2017.09.015

  2. G. Deskos, M. D. Piggott.

    Mesh-adaptive simulations of horizontal-axis turbine arrays using the actuator line method.

    Wind Energy, 21(12), 1266–1281. 10.1002/we.2253

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